Dual-aligned Knowledge Distillation for Class-incremental Multi-fault Diagnosis of an Axial Piston Pump

Authors

  • Dandan Wang State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6925-6273
  • Shihao Liu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • Junhui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-2065
  • Fei Lyu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • Weidi Huang State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • Bing Xu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2712

Keywords:

Axial piston pump, class-incremental learning, fault diagnosis, knowledge distillation

Abstract

Multi-fault diagnosis of the axial piston pump plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and reliability of modern hydraulic transmission and control systems. Current intelligent fault diagnosis methods demonstrate effective performance but fail to generalize if new fault patterns occur. Simply fine-tuning these models only with newly collected data leads to the catastrophic forgetting problem, whereas retraining a new fault diagnosis model with the entire historical data is both resource-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, a novel class-incremental learning method based on dual-aligned knowledge distillation is proposed for multi-fault diagnosis of the axial piston pump, which can continually learn new fault patterns and preserve fault diagnosis ability on old fault patterns with a limited amount of historical data. On the one hand, the consistency between output-logits of the previous model and that of the current one is enforced in the incremental learning process to mitigate catastrophic forgetting. On the other hand, intermediate feature relationships with different important weights are aligned to further retain fault diagnosis performance on old fault patterns. Both the comparison experiment and the ablation experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Dandan Wang, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Dandan Wang received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2023. She is currently pursuing the Master’s degree in mechatronics engineering with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Her current research is focused on intelligent axial piston pumps, deep learning, fault diagnosis and prognosis.

Shihao Liu, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Shihao Liu received the B.S. degree in mechatronics engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in mechatronics engineering with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. His current research is focused on intelligent axial piston pumps, deep learning, fault diagnosis, and prognosis.

Junhui Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Junhui Zhang received the Ph.D. degree in mechatronics engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2012. He is currently an Associate professor with the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejing University. He has authored or co-authored more than 60 papers indexed by SCI and applied more than 30 National Invention Patents with granted. He is supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars. His research interests include high-speed hydraulic pumps/motors and hydraulic robots.

Fei Lyu, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Fei Lyu received the Ph.D. degree in mechatronics engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2022. He is currently a postdoc with the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University. His research interests focus on tribological analysis and predictive maintenance of hydrostatic pumps and motors.

Weidi Huang, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Weidi Huang received the Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2018. He is currently a research assistant with the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University. His current research is focused on the dynamic modelling of axial piston pumps, condition monitoring, and fault diagnosis.

Bing Xu, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

Bing Xu received the Ph.D. degree in fluid power transmission and control from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2001. He is currently a Professor and a Doctoral Tutor with the Institute of Mechatronic Control Engineering, and the Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University. He has authored or coauthored more than 200 journal and conference papers and authorized 49 patents. Dr. Xu is a Chair Professor of the Yangtze River Scholars Programme and a Science and Technology Innovation Leader of the Ten Thousand Talent Programme.

References

S. Mukherjee, L. Shang, A. Vacca, ‘Numerical analysis and experimental validation of the coupled thermal effects in swashplate type axial piston machines’, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 220, p. 111673, 2024.

P. Michael, K. Stelson, D. Williams, H. Malik, ‘Dynamometer testing of hydraulic fluids in an axial piston pump under simulated backhoe loader trenching conditions’, Fluid Power Systems Technology, vol. V001T01A14, 2022.

L.V. Larsson, P. Krus, ‘Modelling of the swash plate control actuator in an axial piston pump for a hardware-in-the-loop simulation test rig’, Fluid Power Systems Technology, vol. V001T01A44, 2016.

I. Baus, R. Rahmfeld, A. Schumacher, H.C. Pedersen, ‘Systematic methodology for reliability analysis of components in axial piston units’, Fluid Power Systems Technology, vol. V001T01A9, 2019.

N. Keller, A. Sciancalepore, A. Vacca, ‘Condition Monitoring of an Axial Piston Pump on a Mini Excavator’, International Journal of Fluid Power, vol. 24, no. 02, pp. 171–206, 2023.

R. Ivantysyn, J. Weber, ‘Advancing Thermal Monitoring in Axial Piston Pumps: Simulation, Measurement, and Boundary Condition Analysis for Efficiency Enhancement’, International Journal of Fluid Power, pp. 547–590, 2024.

S. Wang, J. Xiang, Y. Zhong, H. Tang, ‘A data indicator-based deep belief networks to detect multiple faults in axial piston pumps’, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 112, pp. 154–170, 2018.

Y. He, H. Tang, Y. Ren, A. Kumar, ‘A semi-supervised fault diagnosis method for axial piston pump bearings based on DCGAN’, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 32, no. 12, p. 125104, 2021.

S. Wang, H. Shuai, J. Hu, et al., ‘Few-shot fault diagnosis of axial piston pump based on prior knowledge-embedded meta learning vision transformer under variable operating conditions’, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 269, p. 126452, 2025.

S. Liu, J. Zhang, W. Huang, F. Lyu, D. Wang, B. Xu, ‘Temporal–Spatial Attention Network: A Novel Axial Piston Pump Coupled Fault Diagnosis Method’, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 73, pp. 1–15, 2024.

E. Belouadah, A. Popescu, I. Kanellos, ‘A comprehensive study of class incremental learning algorithms for visual tasks’, Neural Networks, vol. 135, pp. 38–54, 2021.

A.A. Rusu, N.C. Rabinowitz, G. Desjardins, et al., ‘Progressive neural networks’, arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.04671, 2016.

Y.-X. Wang, D. Ramanan, M. Hebert, ‘Growing a brain: Fine-tuning by increasing model capacity’, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2471–2480, 2017.

R. Aljundi, M. Lin, B. Goujaud, Y. Bengio, ‘Gradient based sample selection for online continual learning’, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 32, 2019.

A. Odena, C. Olah, J. Shlens, ‘Conditional image synthesis with auxiliary classifier gans’, Int. Conf. on Machine Learning, pp. 2642–2651, 2017.

J. Kirkpatrick, R. Pascanu, N. Rabinowitz, et. al., ‘Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks’, Proc. National Academy of Sciences, vol. 114, no. 13, pp. 3521–3526, 2017.

Z. Li, D. Hoiem, ‘Learning without forgetting’, IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2935–2947, 2017.

S.-A. Rebuffi, A. Kolesnikov, G. Sperl, C.H. Lampert, ‘iCaRL: Incremental classifier and representation learning’, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2001–2010, 2017.

G. Hinton, O. Vinyals, J. Dean, ‘Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network’, arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.02531, 2015.

G.M. Van de Ven, T. Tuytelaars, A.S. Tolias, ‘Three types of incremental learning’, Nature Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1185–1197, 2022.

S. Yan, H. Shao, X. Wang, J. Wang, ‘Few-shot class-incremental learning for system-level fault diagnosis of wind turbine’, IEEE/ASME Trans. on Mechatronics, 2024.

M. Kang, J. Park, B. Han, ‘Class-incremental learning by knowledge distillation with adaptive feature consolidation’, Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 16071–16080, 2022.

M. Ji, G. Peng, S. Li, et al., ‘A neural network compression method based on knowledge-distillation and parameter quantization for the bearing fault diagnosis’, Applied Soft Computing, vol. 127, p. 109331, 2022.

Downloads

Published

2026-03-16

How to Cite

Wang, D. ., Liu, S. ., Zhang, J. ., Lyu, F. ., Huang, W. ., & Xu, B. . (2026). Dual-aligned Knowledge Distillation for Class-incremental Multi-fault Diagnosis of an Axial Piston Pump. International Journal of Fluid Power, 27(01), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2712

Issue

Section

SICFP2025