HYDROSTATIC HYBRID SYSTEM: SYSTEM DEFINITION AND APPLICATION
Keywords:
vehicular hybrid propulsion, hydrostatic transmissionAbstract
The use of high efficiency engines is an unavoidable necessity in the transportation field. The reduction of gas emissions and the optimisation of conversion efficiency cannot be entrusted only to engine characteristics, but it is necessary to work with integrated propulsion systems, which have to manage the production and transmission of the energy in an optimal way. In this paper a hybrid propulsion system made of a parallel type hybrid engine and a hydrostatic transmission is presented. The operational flexibility of the hydrostatic transmission allows the thermal engine to operate at a constant speed, hence at maximum efficiency and/or minimum emission conditions. This propulsion system was applied to the case of a “12 m class” bus for passenger transportation. An Italian hybrid vehicle was taken as the reference solution for performance comparison and as a technical database for the vehicle design aid. Starting from the Italian laws regarding buses, the design and sizing of the propulsion group components were performed. Then, in order to verify the ability of the hybrid scheme to satisfy the design targets, a simulation of the system was carried out using a dynamic simulation code. The simulation showed that the combination of the hydrostatic transmission with the hybrid engine leads to energy savings and a pollutant reduction in comparison with the reference vehicle.
Downloads
References
Bitsche, O. and Gutmann, G. 2004. Systems for Hybrid
Cars - Review. Journal of Power Sources 127
(2004),), pp 8-15. Elsevier Ltd.
Conti, M., Leonelli, V., Pallacorda, M. and Ragona,
R. 2000. La flotta ibrida a Terni- misure e risultati.
(The Hybrid Fleet in Terni - Measurements and Results)
ENEA internal report.
Gulia, N. and Yurkov, S. 2001. Hybrid power units for
municipal buses. Nauka i Tekhnica,UA 2001.
Huang, K. D. and Tzeng, S. C. 2004. A New Paralleltype
Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Applied Energy 79
(2004), pp 51-64. Elsevier Ltd.
Iqbal, H. 2003. Electric and hybrid vehicles. CRC
Press LLC.
Jefferson, C. M. and Barnard, R. H. 2002. Hybrid
Vehicle Propulsion. WIT Press, London.
Maggetto, G. and Van Mierlo, J. 2001. Electric Vehicles,
Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Electric
Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives. Ann.
Chim. Sci. Mat, 26(4), pp 9-28. Elsevier, Paris.
Mikeska, D. and Ivantysynova, M. 2002. Virtual
prototyping of power split drives. Proc. Bath Workshop
on Power Transmission and Motion Control
PTMC 2002, Bath, UK, pp. 95 - 111.
Miller, J. M. 2004. Propulsion Systems for Hybrid
Vehicles. IEE Power and Energy Series 45 - The
Institution of Electrical Engineers, London.
Nervegna, N. 2000. Oleodinamica e Pneumatica, Vol.
-3. Politeko, Torino.
Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium. 2000.
Hybrid-Electric Drive Heavy-Duty Vehicle Testing
Project - Final Emissions Report. Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency Agreement No.:
NAVC1098-PG009837.
O’Keefe, P. M. and Vertin, K. 2002. An Analysis of
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems for Transit-
Buses- Milestone completion report. National Renewable
Energy Laboratory. U.S. Department of
Energy. NREL/TP-540-32858
Paoluzzi, R., Zarotti, G. L. and Rigamonti, G. 1987.
SiDAC architectures in hydrostatic transmission
control. Cemoter-CNR, Ferrara, pubbl. N° 352.
Pini Prato, A. and Corallo, C. 2000. Soluzioni tecnologiche
alternative per i mezzi di trasporto pubblico:
lo stato dell’arte e l’esperienza Altrobus. (Alternative
solutions for urban public transport: state of the
art and the Altrobus experience) Meeting: “Inquinamento
e traffico nei centri urbani: soluzioni tecniche
e prospettive”. Genova 26 ottobre 2000.
Rand, D. A. J., Woods, R. and Dell, R. M. 1998. Batteries
for electric vehicles. Research Studies Press
Ltd, Tounton.
Scott Wayne, W., Clark N. N., Nine, R. D. and Elefante,
D. 2004. A comparison Emissions and fuel
economy from Hybrid electric and conventionaldrive
transit buses. Energy & fuels 18, pp 257-270.
Tramontan, M., Macor, A. and di Riso, I. 2002. Trasmissioni
oleodinamiche di potenza per veicoli ibridi.
(Hydraulic trasmissions for hybrid vehicles).
Oleodinamica e Pneumatica- Tecniche Nuove, Milano.
April 2002.
