Energy Efficient and Redundant Steer-by-Wire for Articulated Non-road Mobile Machines

Authors

  • Vinay Partap Singh Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-2712
  • Mikko Huova Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland
  • Tatiana Minav Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2531

Keywords:

Non-Road Mobile Machinery, Hazard Analysis, Functional Safety, Articulated Steering, Electro-hydrostatic Steering, Electro – hydrostatic Actuator

Abstract

The electrification of on-road vehicles has got momentum in recent years, but for Non-Road Mobile Machines there are still many barriers to cross. In order to completely eliminate the internal combustion engine or reduce its use, the energy loss in machines needs to be minimised at every possible section. One such part is the steering of heavy non-road mobile machines which has been unchanged to a large extent for decades, especially in articulated machines. The major cause of the industry being cautious in replacing the traditional steering system is its safety. As being a safety-critical system, it requires to comply with the highest safety standards. An articulated steered wheel loader has been selected as a case study in this article to first carry out a detailed hazard analysis to assess the machine performance levels required for steering. Two scenarios are selected for hazard analysis: 1. the wheel loader is on work site; 2. the wheel loader is travelling on road. To achieve the required performance level, the requirements of functional safety and safety integrity level of the steering are analysed. Based on corresponding standards and the required performance level for the steering, a new electro-hydrostatic-based steer-by-wire system is proposed. The proposed steering complies with safety standards for articulated steering and has the potential for energy saving. The simulation of the proposed system is carried out from an energy-efficiency point of view in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed electro-hydrostatic steering system is compared to the traditional steering of a wheel loader in the Mevea digital twin environment and has been found to be substantially more energy efficient in the primary analysis. The simulations show that in conventional steering, 51% of energy is wasted in the steering valve alone, while in EHA (Electro-hydrostatic actuator) steering only 29% is wasted in the entire steering system.

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Author Biographies

Vinay Partap Singh, Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland

Vinay Partap Singh received the masters’s degree in Mining Machinery Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, India in 2019. Currently he is a Doctoral Researcher at Innovative Hydraulics and Automation – IHA, Tampere University, Finland. His research interest includes fluid power systems, electro-hydraulic actuators, heavy duty off-road mobile machines, and safety of the novel system in mobile machines.

Mikko Huova, Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland

Mikko Huova received the doctoral degree at Tampere University of Technology, Finland, in 2015. Currently he is Senior Research Fellow at IHA lab of Tampere University, Finland. He has over 12 years of expertise on advanced control, multi-pressure systems, and energy efficient digital hydraulic systems of heavy-duty mobile machines.

Tatiana Minav, Innovative Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720-Finland

Tatiana Minav is Associate Professor at IHA lab of Tampere University. She has over 15 years of expertise on system electrification of off-road machinery and electro-hydraulic actuators solutions.

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Published

2024-10-05

How to Cite

Singh, V. P., Huova, M., & Minav, T. (2024). Energy Efficient and Redundant Steer-by-Wire for Articulated Non-road Mobile Machines. International Journal of Fluid Power, 25(03), 291–324. https://doi.org/10.13052/ijfp1439-9776.2531

Issue

Section

SICFP23

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